Green Climate Fund

 

Introduction

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a global fund created to support the efforts of developing countries to respond to the challenge of climate change. GCF helps developing countries limit or reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate change. It seeks to promote a paradigm shift to low-emission and climate-resilient development. It was set up by the 194 countries who are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2010, as part of the Convention’s financial mechanism. It aims to deliver equal amounts of funding to mitigation and adaptation, while being guided by the Convention’s principles and provisions. When the Paris Agreement was reached in 2015, the Green Climate Fund was given an important role in serving the agreement and supporting the goal of keeping climate change well below 2 degrees Celsius.

Key Highlights

GCF invests in adaptation and mitigation activities in developing countries through its partner organisations, known as Accredited Entities. GCF invests in the following Strategic Impact Areas: Energy access and power generation; Low emission transport; Buildings, cities, industries and appliances; Forestry and land use; Most vulnerable people and communities; Health and well-being, and food and water security; Infrastructure and built environment; and Ecosystems and ecosystem services.

Additionally, in October 2017, the GCF has launched a Pilot Programme for REDD+ results-based payments (GCF/B.18/23) to pilot REDD+ results-based payments, consistent with the Warsaw Framework for REDD+ and other REDD+ decisions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).The five-year pilot marks a major milestone for the Fund’s support of REDD+.

How UNDP Climate and Forests is contributing

UNDP Climate & Forests is supporting countries with the development of proposals as well as oversight of projects under implementation in three different ways: UNDP acts as accredited entity for proposals to the Forest and Land-Use mitigation impact area in line with GCF support for the early phases of REDD‐plus (GCF/B.17/16). UNDP is currently overseeing the implementation of the following Forest and Land-Use projects:

• Priming Financial and Land-Use Planning Instruments to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation, a USD 41M GCF grant in to support the implementation of the Ecuador REDD+ Action Plan.  Approved in 2016. 
• Ghana Shea Landscape Emissions Reductions Project, a USD 54.5 million US dollars project (including 30.1 million GCF grant), approved in August 2020, to address the alarming deforestation and forest degradation challenges in the Northern Savannah Zone of Ghana, whilst promoting investments in the shea value chain and women’s empowerment. 

UNDP acts as an Accredited Entity for proposals submitted to the GCF REDD+ results-based payments pilot programme. UNDP is currently overseeing the implementation of the following REDD+ results-based payment projects: 

REDD+ results-based payments for results achieved by Brazil in the Amazon biome in 2014 and 2015, the first results-based payment proposals approved by the GCF Board in February 2019 for 96M USD. 

REDD+ results-based payments for results achieved by Ecuador in 2014, approved by the GCF Board in June 2019 for USD 18.5 million. 

REDD+ results-based payments for results achieved by Indonesia for 2014-2016, approved by the GCF Board in August 2020 for USD 103.8 million. 

REDD+ results-based payments for results achieved by Costa Rica for 2014-2015, approved by the GCF Board in February 2021 for USD 54 million. 

 

UNDP works in partnership with other Accredited Entities (AEs) to act as service provider to implement specific components of an approved project for which UNDP has a comparative advantage. These partnerships allow UNDP to play an important role in crowding-in private sector investments in National REDD+ Strategies, moving away from pure grant instrument proposals and helping GCF engage with other partners to bring forth a next generation (NextGen) of UNDP proposals that are centered on innovative solutions and enhanced partnerships:

• UNDP is working in partnership with the Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) to provide a USD 240M concessional credit line for Paraguayan cattle ranchers and soy farmers to invest in climate-resilient and deforestation-free practices. FMO will request a USD 100 M loan from GCF which will be combined with USD 140 M from FMO’s own funding and from private national banks. FMO will channel loans through private banks that are members of the National Sustainable Finance Roundtable.  UNDP will implement a USD 7M grant component of the project to implement a real-time low-cost monitoring system to ensure producers comply with the zero deforestation commitments, a dedicated agricultural extension service, knowledge management services, capacity building for banks, and support for the Central Bank’s climate policy-making process. The Accredited Entity for this project is FMO with UNDP is acting as Executing Entity for the grant component of the project. The project was endorsed by GCF’s ITAP in January 2020 and will be considered at GCF B.26 in June 2020.

UNDP sees high replicability of this model with other IFIs and NAEs already accredited with the GCF. To this end, UNDP has a specific MOU with the Italian Cassa Deposito i Prestiti (CDP.it) which was recently accredited with GCF.

 

Projects

1.Ghana Shea Landscape Emission Reductions Project

2.Brazil REDD+ Results Based Payments (Phase 3)

3.Costa Rica REDD+ RBP for results period 2014-2015

4.Ecuador REDD+ Results Based Payments (Phase 3)

5.Indonesia REDD+ RBP for results period 2014-2016